Proposal for Evidence Based Practice Paper for Anorexia...

Proposal for Evidence Based Practice Paper Michelle A. Steen University of North Carolina at Pembroke Abstract This paper explores the proposed use of Dialectic Therapy (DBT) on adolescents between the ages of twelve and eighteen who are diagnosed with Anorexia Nervosa (AN). It will address the nature and extent of the issue of AN in the target population, weigh the positive and negative aspects of different types of therapies on the target population and show the potential limitations of the use of DBT versus other forms of therapies. Proposal for Evidence Based Practice Paper This paper will discuss Anorexia Nervosa as an eating disorder that predominantly affects girls and young women. In industrial†¦show more content†¦There is a focus on helping patients to observe and label their emotional reactions to trauma, validation and acquiring a balance between acceptance and change. This is a fairly new type of approach which is being modified for the treatment of eating disorders. (Santucci, 2010) This form of therapy, according to the data is appropriate for any individual afflicted with this condition as well as many others, but currently does not have a depth of research behind it to prove it individually effective specifically for AN. Family Therapy/Marital Therapy: This approach to therapy can be viewed as treatment of the family; others see it as treatment with the family. Family/Marital Therapy should be considered for adolescents who are living at home with parental figures or other patients who are living in situations with continui ng conflicts or other martial issues. (Santucci, 2010) During Family/Marital Therapy the clinician would work in concert with the family to resolve the underlying emotional triggers that could lead to an extended bout of AN. One form of Family/Marital therapy is the Maudsley approach. One article about the impact of Maudsley approach stated that the developers of the Maudsley approach believed that parental involvement is critical to the child’s recovery. (LockShow MoreRelatedOcd - Symptoms, Causes, Treatment131367 Words   |  526 PagesPrinted in the United States of America This book is printed on acid-free paper. Last digit is print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 LIMITED PHOTOCOPY LICENSE The Publisher grants to individual purchasers of this book nonassignable permission to reproduce the appendices of this book. This license is limited to you, the individual purchaser, for use with your own clients and patients. It does not extend to additional clinicians or practice settings, n or does purchase by an institution constitute a site license

Exam Critical Path Method and Project Management Techniques

Exam b 16 project 1. Which of the following statements regarding project management is false? a. Project organization works well when the work contains simple, independent tasks. b. Gantt charts give a timeline for each of a project s activities, but do not adequately show the interrelationships of activities. c. Project organization is most suitable for projects that are temporary but critical to the organization. d. All of the above are true. e. None of the above are true. a (Project planning, moderate) 2. Which of the following statements regarding Gantt charts is true? a. Gantt†¦show more content†¦e. All of the above are true. c (Project management techniques: PERT and CPM, moderate) 8. Activities that are not on a PERT critical path but have little slack need to be monitored closely because a. PERT treats all activities as equally important b. near-critical paths could become critical paths with small delays in these activities c. they are causing the entire project to be delayed d. slack is undesirable and needs to be eliminated e. they have a high risk of not being completed b (Project management techniques: PERT and CPM, moderate) 9. Which of the following statements regarding project management is true? a. Both PERT and CPM require that network tasks have unchanging durations. b. Shortening the project by assigning more resources to one or more of the critical tasks is called project crashing. c. Crashing need not consider the impact of crashing an activity on other paths in the network. d. Project crashing is an optimizing technique. e. Crash cost depends upon the variance of the activity to be crashed. b (Project management techniques: PERT and CPM, moderate) 10. Which of these statements regarding time-cost tradeoffs in CPMShow MoreRelatedProject Management Processes And Product Oriented Processes1700 Words   |  7 PagesITEC 640 Mid Exam Nenna Sanoir October 21, 2016 Introduction The project management processes and product-oriented processes overrun throughout projects. Project management processes are interested in the work of the project and product-oriented processes as needed to produce a product, service, or information system. The project management processes are suitable to most projects. 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Clients mayRead MoreAnalysis Of Team And Personal Experience Essay2190 Words   |  9 Pages EM 636 PROJECT MANAGEMENT FINAL TERM PAPER â€Æ' Table of Contents Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 Analysis of team/ personal experience†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 Introduction : Project management is the planning, organizing and managing the activities to successfully accomplish the project involved. My main purpose for taking this course was to know the

Has Technology Made Strategy Obsolete Essay Example For Students

Has Technology Made Strategy Obsolete? Essay Has Technology Made Strategy Obsolete? It has been said that, improvements in technology for waging war have made strategy increasingly irrelevant. This is not the case; strategy is actually becoming more important with the development of more sophisticated military technology. Firstly it must be clearly defined how strategy and technology relate to each other. There have been many different views on what, in effect, constitutes strategy. If one were to compare Sun Tzus concepts of strategy and compare them to that of Clausewitz, it would be clear that the two defined strategy much differently. Sun Tzu viewed strategy as a much larger issue than did the Clausewitz. He believed that an overall strategy that utilized political alliances, misinformation, intelligence and strategic planning was the key to what he believed the pinnacle of military victory was; to win the war without ever having to fight. Clausewitz had a much narrower view of strategy, one that would more correctly be determined as tactics. Clausewitz believed in the supremacy of direct military conflict as the sole arena for states to resolve their differences and satisfy their ambitions. He focused then, on the best way to win the war, believing that war was inevitable. It is clear then, that wile both men wrote on the subject of war, their focus was on different levels of warfare, Sun Tzus focus was on strategy, or grand strategy, while Clausewitzs focus was on the tactical level, or operational strategy. Technology is of a different ilk altogether than the closely related topics of tactics and strategy. Technology is the tools with which the war is waged. It can consist of not only mechanical instruments, but of nuclear, chemical and biological tools as well. Technology is an ever changing, constantly improving, element of warfare that has throughout history continually improved the efficiency with which mankind can kill one and other. Technology Strategy Tactics The key to understanding the issue is to understand how the three elements, technology, tactics and strategy are connected to each other and more specifically, how changes in one area of will drive changes in the other. Technology is the core to the whole process. A requirement is identified and a weapon, or weapons system is created in order to fill that requirement. Once this has been done, the military leadership must then study the characteristics of the new weapon and determine the optimum way in which to use it. In short, they must adapt or develop a set of tactics within which to employ this new weapons system. This process of developing tactics to most efficiently utilize a weapons system is not restricted to new weapons. Napoleons identification and development of light mobile cannon is a case in point. He determined a need, the technology was created and then Napoleon devised a new set of tactics, massed canon fire, with which to best exploit the characteristics of the new weapon. Once a new weapon is introduced and effective tactics are designed for its operational employment, there is an understandably urgent requirement for the opposing force to develop some form of defence against it. This is generally done in two ways. Firstly the opposing Army must adapt its tactics in order to minimize its vulnerability and secondly they must develop a countering technology that will neutralize the new threat. A case in point here is the First World War. As an example, the impact of the wide spread introduction of the machine gun on maneuver style warfare of the late 19th century cannot be overstated. Very simply put, the volume of fire that could be generated by several well placed machine guns along an armys front guaranteed that any attacking force would loose and loose badly. Any soldier in open ground was a target for the machine gunners and so the solution was to adapt the tactics of the day from maneuver warfare into trench warfare. .u9e2563a4456719aee99946569037a9d2 , .u9e2563a4456719aee99946569037a9d2 .postImageUrl , .u9e2563a4456719aee99946569037a9d2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9e2563a4456719aee99946569037a9d2 , .u9e2563a4456719aee99946569037a9d2:hover , .u9e2563a4456719aee99946569037a9d2:visited , .u9e2563a4456719aee99946569037a9d2:active { border:0!important; } .u9e2563a4456719aee99946569037a9d2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9e2563a4456719aee99946569037a9d2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9e2563a4456719aee99946569037a9d2:active , .u9e2563a4456719aee99946569037a9d2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9e2563a4456719aee99946569037a9d2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9e2563a4456719aee99946569037a9d2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9e2563a4456719aee99946569037a9d2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9e2563a4456719aee99946569037a9d2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9e2563a4456719aee99946569037a9d2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9e2563a4456719aee99946569037a9d2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9e2563a4456719aee99946569037a9d2 .u9e2563a4456719aee99946569037a9d2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9e2563a4456719aee99946569037a9d2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: TESCO Plc and International Accounting Standards Essay These changes in tactics provided the Army with the ability to hold the ground already taken and yet remain out of danger of the withering direct fire generated by the opposing forces machine guns. Improvements in the technology of trench and bunker construction also, to some extent,

Please address the following in detail Essays - Mexican Drug War

Please address the following in detail: Catalog the forensic evidence found in the Camarena Case. Summarize the steps followed by the crime scene investigators including the mistakes and/or correct steps followed to process the scene through the criminal justice system. Assess what could have been done better or what could have been improved upon during the forensic investigation of the crime scene. Title: Enrique Camarena Case: A Forensic Nightmare Document URL: PDF Author(s): M P Malone Journal: FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin Volume:58 Issue:9 Dated:(September 1989) Pages:1-6 Date Published: 1989 Page Count: 6 Annotation: The abduction of United States Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) Special Agent Enrique Camarena and a DEA source in Mexico in 1985 led to one of the largest investigations by the DEA and a case that involved unusual forensic problems that required unusual solutions. Abstract: The two men were abducted on February 7, 1985 and their partially decomposed bodies were found and autopsied at morgues in Guadalajara. The main problems encountered in the forensic analyses were the destruction of evidence and the contamination of crime scenes. In addition, bureaucratic delays by local officials hampered the investigation by the FBI forensic team. It was clear that certain Mexican law enforcement officials were paid a large sum of money to obstruct and prematurely conclude the investigation. The problems were overcome by ignoring certain routine procedures or using unconventional methods. The problems were ultimately resolved, and almost all the evidence introduced at the trial made a major impact on the outcome. The 8-week trial was conducted under tight security and involved hundreds of witnesses. All the defendants were found guilty, were convicted on all counts, and are currently serving lengthy sentences. Photographs and diagrams. Main Term(s): Homicide investigations Index Term(s): Interagency cooperation ; Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) ; Investigative techniques ; Mexico Sale Source: National Institute of Justice/ NCJRS paper reproduction Box 6000, Dept F Rockville, MD 20849 United States of America NCJRS Photocopy Services Box 6000 Rockville, MD 20849-6000 United States of America Publisher URL: http://www.fbi.gov Reference: To cite this abstract, use the following link: https://www.ncjrs.gov/App/Publications/abstract.aspx?ID=121533 0f all the cases of troubling corruption and stunning violence that have characterized the war on drugs in Latin America, few linger as powerfully among U.S. drug agents as the case of Enrique "Kiki" Camarena, who vanished on a busy street in Guadalajara, Mexico, in 1985 while walking to meet his wife for lunch. His body was found nearly a month later. His skull, jaw, nose, cheekbones and windpipe were crushed. His ribs were broken. His head had been drilled with a screwdriver. The campaign to prosecute those responsible - the tentacles went from Mexican police to fabled drug lord Rafael Caro Quintero - took years. Even today, in the Drug Enforcement Administration's offices in Bogota, federal agents say the Camarena case has established a steely template for how the U.S. pursues drug investigations in what remains one of the world's most perilous law enforcement terrains. The 30-year-old case, whose anniversary has been quietly observed this month in DEA offices all over Latin America, opened one of the first windows on the brazen violence that would come to characterize the drug trade in Mexico. Paid Post WHAT'S THIS? Navigate new markets. A Message from Pitney Bowes The Craftsmen of Commerce help U.S. online businesses go global. See More There was another, more lasting legacy. The effort to bring Camarena's torturers to justice in a Los Angeles courtroom, analysts say, was a key legal catalyst for what came to be one of U.S. counter-terrorism's most controversial practices: the "extraordinary rendition" of suspects from foreign lands, outside the purview of international laws or extradition treaties. Enrique "Kiki" Camarena Enrique "Kiki" Camarena, a DEA agent, was tortured and killed in Mexico in 1985. (Associated Press) A landmark U.S. Supreme Court ruling upholding the practice stemmed from the 1990 seizure by bounty hunters of a Guadalajara doctor, Humberto Alvarez Machain, accused of injecting drugs into Camarena to keep him awake during his torture. Alvarez was bundled across the border and into the arms of U.S. authorities. And though he was later freed by a U.S. federal judge for insufficient evidence, the Supreme Court ruled in 1992 that his capture and involuntary transport across the border - in legal terms, the extraordinary rendition of a foreign citizen - was legal. The full significance of that ruling wouldn't become clear for years, until after the Sept. 11 attacks, when the United States relied on extraordinary rendition to capture terrorism suspects and deliver them to "black sites" in third countries for interrogation and torture. Vatican apologizes to Mexico over pope's comment on drug trafficking "It opened up an alternative to extraditions when the

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ok essays The Great Barrier Reef is the biggest group of coral reefs in the world. It stretches along the coast on the north-east part of Australia. It is called the Great Barrier Reef because it creates a barrier between the Pacific Ocean and the coast. The Great Barrier Reef is a scattering of thousands of individual reefs. The reefs is on the World Heritage List made by UNESCO, because of its size and its many different plants and fishes. The reef lies in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, the worlds largest marine park. It has an area of nearly 350 000 square kilometres. The reef region is 260 000 square kilometres. The reef region is a popular tourist attraction because of its warm climate, sandy beaches, colourful wildlife, tropical islands and ideal conditions for water sports. The Great Barrier Reef stretches north and north-west from Gladstone, Queensland, to a point in the Gulf of Papua. The Great Barrier Reef is longer than 2000 kilometres and consists of nearly 3000 different reefs. An average reef is about 110 square kilometres in area. The area that The Great Barrier Reef lies in has relatively shallow waters of about 40 metres deep. The Great Barrier Reef consists of billions of smal animals called coral polyps and plants called coralline algae. The coral reef is built up by dead corals, with a thin outside of living corals. A coral reef includes many species of corals, such as staghorn coral, brain coral, honeycomb coral and mound coral. Almost 1500 of 3000 kinds of fish known to live in the seas around Australia are found in the reef region. Angelfish, cod, manta rays, mackerel, butterfly fish and surgeon fish all live in reef waters. Other animals that live in the reef waters include crabs, shrimps, crayfish, sea urchins, sea stars, sea cucumbers, soft corals, sea fans, sponges, sea anemones and worms. ...

The Historic Olmec City of San Lorenzo

The Historic Olmec City of San Lorenzo The Olmec culture thrived along Mexico’s Gulf coast from roughly 1200 B.C. to 400 B.C. One of the most important archaeological sites associated with this culture is known as San Lorenzo. Once, there was a great city there. Its original name has been lost to time. Considered by some archaeologists to be the first true Mesoamerican city, San Lorenzo was a very important center of Olmec commerce, religion, and political power during its heyday. Location San Lorenzo is located in Veracruz State, about 38 miles (60km) from the Gulf of Mexico. The Olmecs could not have selected a better site to build their first great city. The site was originally a large island in the middle of the Coatzacoalcos River, although the course of the river has since changed and now only flows past one side of the site. The island featured a central ridge, high enough to escape any flooding. The floodplains along the river were very fertile. The location is close to sources of stone which were used for making sculptures and buildings. Between the river on either side and the high central ridge, the site was easily defended from enemy attack. Occupation of San Lorenzo San Lorenzo was first occupied around 1500 B.C., making it one of the oldest sites in the Americas. It was home to three early settlements, referred to as the Ojochà ­ (1500-1350 B.C.), the Bajà ­o (1350-1250 B.C.), and the Chichrras (1250-1150 B.C.). These three cultures are considered pre-Olmec and are largely identified by pottery types. The Chicharrs period begins to show characteristics later identified as Olmec. The city reached its peak in the period from 1150 to 900 B.C. before falling into decline. This is referred to as the San Lorenzo era. There may have been some 13,000 inhabitants at San Lorenzo during the height of its power (Cyphers). The city then went into decline and passed into the Nacaste period from 900 to 700 B.C. The Nacaste did not have the skills of their forebears and added little in the way of art and culture. The site was abandoned for some years before the Palangana era (600-400 B.C.). These later inhabitants contributed some small mounds and a ball cou rt. The site was then abandoned for over a thousand years before it was re-occupied during the Late Classic era of Mesoamerican civilization, but the city never regained its former glory. The Archaeological Site San Lorenzo is a sprawling site which includes not only the one-time metropolis of San Lorenzo but several smaller towns and agricultural settlements that were controlled by the city. There were important secondary settlements at Loma del Zapote, where the river forked to the south of the city, and El Remolino, where the waters re-converged to the north. The most important section of the site is on the ridge, where the nobility and priest classes lived. The western side of the ridge is known as the â€Å"royal compound,† as it was home to the ruling class. This area has yielded a treasure trove of artifacts, particularly sculptures. The ruins of an important structure, the â€Å"red palace,† are also found there. Other highlights include an aqueduct, interesting monuments scattered around the site, and several artificial pits known as â€Å"lagunas,† the purpose of which is still unclear. Stonework Very little of Olmec culture has survived to the present day. The climate of the steamy lowlands where they lived has destroyed any books, burial sites, and items of cloth or wood. The most important remnants of the Olmec culture are therefore architecture and sculpture. Fortunately for posterity, the Olmec were talented stonemasons. They were capable of transporting large sculptures and blocks of stone for masonry for distances of up to 60 kilometers (37 miles). The stones were probably floated part of the way on sturdy rafts. The aqueduct at San Lorenzo is a masterpiece of practical engineering. Hundreds of similarly-carved basalt troughs and covers weighing many tons were laid out in such a way as to promote the flow of water to its destination, which was a duck-shaped cistern designated Monument 9 by archaeologists. Sculpture The Olmec were great artists and the most remarkable feature of San Lorenzo is doubtless the several dozen sculptures that have been discovered at the site and nearby secondary sites like Loma del Zapote. The Olmec were famous for their detailed sculptures of colossal heads. Ten of these heads have been found at San Lorenzo. The largest of them is nearly ten feet tall. These massive stone heads are believed to depict rulers. At nearby Loma del Zapote, two finely sculpted, nearly identical twins face two jaguars. There are also several massive stone thrones at the site. All in all, dozens of sculptures have been found in and around San Lorenzo. Some of the statues were carved out of earlier works. Archaeologists believe that the statues were used as elements in scenes with religious or political meaning. The pieces would be laboriously moved around to create different scenes. Politics San Lorenzo was a powerful political center. As one of the first Mesoamerican cities - if not the first - it did not have true contemporary rivals and ruled over a large area. In the immediate environs, archaeologists have discovered many small settlements and dwellings, mostly located on hilltops. The smaller settlements were likely ruled by members or appointments of the royal family. Smaller sculptures have been found at these peripheral settlements, suggesting that they were sent there from San Lorenzo as a form of cultural or religious control. These smaller sites were used in the production of food and other resources and were of strategic use militarily. The royal family ruled this mini-empire from the heights of San Lorenzo. Decline and Importance In spite of its promising start, San Lorenzo fell into steep decline and by 900 B. C. was a shadow of its former self. The city would be abandoned a few generations later. Archaeologists do not really know why San Lorenzos glory faded so soon after its classic era. There are a few clues, however. Many of the later sculptures were carved out of earlier ones, and some are only half-completed. This suggests that perhaps rival cities or tribes came to control the countryside, making the acquisition of new stone difficult. Another possible explanation is that if the population somehow declined, there would be insufficient manpower to quarry and transport new material. The era around 900 B.C. is also historically linked to some climatic changes, which could well have adversely affected San Lorenzo. As a relatively primitive, developing culture, the people of San Lorenzo subsisted on a handful of core crops, hunting, and fishing. A sudden change in climate could affect these crops, as well as the nearby wildlife. San Lorenzo, while not a spectacular place for visitors like Chichà ©n Itz or Palenque, is nevertheless an extremely important historical city and archaeological site. The Olmec is the parent culture of all of those which came later in Mesoamerica, including the Maya and Aztecs. As such, any insight gained from the earliest major city is of inestimable cultural and historical value. It is unfortunate that the city has been raided by looters and many priceless artifacts have been lost or rendered valueless by being removed from their place of origin. It is possible to visit the historical site, although many of the sculptures are currently found elsewhere, such as the Mexican National Museum of Anthropology and the Xalapa Anthropology Museum. Sources Coe, Michael D. Mexico: From the Olmecs to the Aztecs. Ancient Peoples and Places, Rex Koontz, 7th Edition, Thames Hudson, June 14, 2013. Cyphers, Ann. San Lorenzo, Veracruz. Arqueologà ­a Mexicana, No. 87, 2019. Diehl, Richard. The Olmecs: Americas First Civilization. Ancient Peoples Places, Hardcover, Thames Hudson, December 31, 2004.

Occupy Wall Street Movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Occupy Wall Street Movement - Essay Example The Tahrir Square Movement triggered the common people’s emotion in the US. The citizens of the US were fuelled by rage due to the price hike in the commodities and the unavailability of jobs in the US. People who led and joined the movement had the commonalities of purpose, i.e. they wanted a government which was of the people and for the people rather than being a Government who is a puppet in the hands of rich corporate lobbyists who occupied the Wall Street. They were the main reasons behind the wealth divide in the country and their influence on the government was huge (Gautney, 2011). Opinions on Facebook and Twitter had become a passe; September 2011 witnessed a mass demonstration and a strong support within the US and the rest of the nations. The demonstration was actually quoted as very â€Å"loosely organized† by the government as it lacked clarity of demands from the protestors. Soon the protestors agreed to focus on the basic frameworks of the organization. The organization of the Occupy Wall Street movement decided to protest on the streets of Wall Street which was the crux of the debate. However, chased by the police, the organization of Occupy Wall Street movement kept their motto alive and marched their way out to Zuccoti Park, a privately owned park made for public in the lower areas of Manhattan. The movement witnessed almost 300 protestors sleeping overnight in sleeping bags and shouting slogans like: â€Å"Wall Street is our Street - We are the 99%† which had claimed to become one of the most popular slogans of all times. Moral and Economic Implications The Occupy Wall Street Movement had a large impact on the entire globe; strong supports were being voiced by the common people of the other countries who felt that the US government was spiraling out of control, leading to a huge disparity in the income and distribution of wealth. The blame for this creation of this gap was largely blamed on the banks that got bailed out easily with the taxpayer’s money. Although the movement had gained popularity, due to lack of a leadership, it was a directionless movement. September 23 witnessed the organization of the movement to lay down the Principles of Solidarity and the rough drafts were posted online. The movement focused on national topics like income inequality, unemployment and bankers increasing fee. It had become nothing more than a national conversation and lacked the voice of a strong common leader. The New York Federation of Teachers had a strong support for the Occupy Wall Street Movement as they continuously sent food supplies and storage supplies; the organizations got continuous food supplies from various parts of the country which was obviously a helping hand to the Occupy Wall Street Movement (Bradford, 2012). The Utilitarian, Kantian and Virtue Ethics and Its Relation with the Movement The utilitarian movement focus is on the right action which is for the benefit and happiness of the majority of the people and is a cause of the goodwill of the people. This concept was introduced by Jeremy Bentham who believed in the idea of utility and later an added theory of quantitative measurement of utility was introduced by John Stuart Mill who believed that some kind of desires and wishes are stronger than desires creating a sense of happiness. Kantianism is a pure concept of catering to one’s dutiful needs rather than emotions or end goals; this concept was in

Leadership, Teambuilding, and Communication Essay - 1

Leadership, Teambuilding, and Communication - Essay Example It distinguishes the causes of group conflicts in organizations from structural and personal factors, its broad consequences on individuals’ groups and entire organizations that are either functional or dysfunctional, and gives strategies for conflict resolution in the organization. Finally, the paper evaluates the traditional (trait, contemporary and behavior) approach, contemporary (organizational, educational, transformational and strategic leadership) approach, and emerging approaches to leadership stating how they impact on the organizational performance. Keywords: Organization, Group, Team, Conflicts, Traditional and Contemporary Approach, Communication, Sender, Receiver, Technology, Stress, Environment Workplace Stress Stress is a major challenge for individuals and organizations performance, due to its effect that may cause negative reactions if left unattended. It exists to interfere with performance, mounting pressure or various demands on individuals that they end u p giving negative reactions, when their capability to cope with the situation is exceeded by the impact of the cause. The causes can be of different factors and situations grouped into those related to work content (e.g. Long working durations and work overload), social context of work (relations and interactions in handling responsibilities) and organizational context of the work, dealing with the effectiveness of organizational changes and structure in performance and working environment (Michie, 2002). Generally, simple activities and situations, like an organization that is not concerned with the working conditions of employees could cause stresses that may pose a health hazard. Assigning an individual worker various tasks to be completed within an impractical duration, so as to minimize costs or workplace bullying on employees can result into stress. There are immediate varying responses to exposure to stress that influence the individual’s behavior based on their psycho logical effect, mood, feelings, and psychical conduct. For example, stress resulting from bullying in the work environment can make some workers to retaliate in aggression, lose focus due to humiliation, become irritated, or even unmotivated. Workloads can make employees suffer from fatigue or even be uneasy, especially when deadlines are closer. In critical cases, depression and frequent headaches do occur when stress is severe. Stress impacts on employees’ physical and psychological capability, ending up lowering performance in the organization as a result of less productivity, competitiveness, creativity, and efficiency (â€Å"The Impact,† 2013). Issues causing poor concentration may lead to accidents in the organization, which may cost the management to cater for employees’ health, hire new staff, or even repair unplanned damages in organizations. Individuals and organizations need to make efforts to prevent and manage stress, as a way of ensuring safety and health in workplaces. Some approaches that can support such activities in the organization include; facilitating conducive working environment, recreational activities for employees, and clear definition of roles and channels of communication, to prevent factors causing stress like repetitive strain injuries and conflicts in

Theories of John Locke and Thomas Hobbes Essay Example for Free

Theories of John Locke and Thomas Hobbes Essay The concept of social contract theory is that in the beginning man lived in the state of nature. They had no government and there was no law to regulate them. There were hardships and oppression on the sections of the society. To overcome from these hardships they entered into two agreements which are:- 1. Ç ²Pactum UnionisÇ ³; and 2. Ç ²Pactum SubjectionisÇ ³. By the first pact of unionis, people sought protection of their lives and property. As, a result of it a society was formed where people undertook to respect each other and live in peace and harmony. By the second pact of subjectionis, people united together and pledged to obey an authority and surrendered the whole or part of their freedom and rights to an authority. The authority guaranteed everyone protection of life, property and to a certain extent liberty. Thus, they must agree to establish society by collectively and reciprocally renouncing the rights they had against one another in the State of Nature and they must imbue some one person or assembly of persons with the authority and power to enforce the initial contract. In other words, to ensure their escape from the State of Nature, they must both agree to live together under common laws, and create an enforcement mechanism for the social contract and the laws that constitute it. Thus, the authority or the government or the sovereign or the state came into being because of the two agreements. Analysis of the theory of Social Contract by Thomas Hobbes Thomas Hobbes theory of Social Contract appeared for the first time in Leviathan published in the year 1651 during the Civil War in Britain. Thomas HobbesÇ ¯ legal theory is based on Ç ²Social contractÇ ³. According to him, prior to Social Contract, man lived in the State of Nature. ManÇ ¯s life in the State of NATURE was one of fear and selfishness. Man lived in chaotic condition of constant fear. Life in the State of Nature was Ç ®solitaryÇ ¯, Ç ®poorÇ ¯, Ç ®nastyÇ ¯, Ç ®brutishÇ ¯, and Ç ®shortÇ ¯. Man has a natural desire for security and order. In order to secure self- protection and self-preservation, and to avoid misery and pain, man entered   into a contract. This idea of self-preservation and self-protection are inherent in manÇ ¯s nature and in order to achieve this, they voluntarily surrendered all their rights and freedoms to some authority by this contract who must command obedience. As a result of this contract, the mightiest authority is to protect and preserve their lives and property. This led to the emergence of the institution of the Ç ²rulerÇ ³ or Ç ²monarchÇ ³, who shall be the absolute head. Subjects had no rights against the absolute authority or the sovereign and he is to be obeyed in all situations however bad or unworthy he might be. However, Hobbes placed moral obligations on the sovereign who shall be bound by natural law. Hence, it can be deduced that, Hobbes was the supporter of absolutism. In the opinion of Hobbes, Ç ²law is dependent upon the sanction of the sovereign and the Government without sword are but words and of no strength to secure a man at allÇ ³. He therefore, reiterated that civil law is the re al law because it is commanded and enforced by the sovereign. Thus, he upheld the principle of Ç ²Might is always RightÇ ³. Hobbes thus infers from his mechanistic theory of human nature that humans are necessarily and exclusively self-interested. All men pursue only what they perceive to be in their own individually considered best interests. They respond mechanistically by being drawn to that which they desire and repelled by that to which they are averse. In addition to being exclusively self-interested, Hobbes also argues that human beings are reasonable. They have in them the rational capacity to pursue their desires as efficiently and maximally as possible. From these premises of human nature, Hobbes goes on to construct a provocative and compelling argument for which they ought to be willing to submit themselves to political authority. He did this by imagining persons in a situation prior to the establishment of society, the State of Nature. Hobbes impels subjects to surrender all their rights and vest all liberties in the sovereign for preservation of peace, life and prosperity of the subjects. It is in this way the natural law became a moral guide or directive to the sovereign for preservation of the natural rights of the subjects. For Hobbes all law is dependent upon the sanction of the sovereign. All real law is civil law, the law commanded and Page 3 of 7 enforced by the sovereign and are brought into the world for nothing else but to limit the natural liberty of particular men, in such a manner, as they might not hurt but to assist one another and join together against a common enemy. He advocated for an established order. Hence, Individualism, materialism, utilitarianism and absolutions are inter-woven in the theory of Hobbes. Analysis of the theory of Social Contract by John Locke John Locke theory of Social Contract is different than that of Hobbes. According to him, man lived in the State of Nature, but his concept of the State of Nature is different as contemplated by Hobbesian theory. LockeÇ ¯s view about the state of nature is not as miserable as that of Hobbes. It was reasonably good and enjoyable, but the property was not secure. He considered State of Nature as a Ç ²Golden AgeÇ ³. It was a stat e of Ç ²peace, goodwill, mutual assistance, and preservationÇ ³. In that state of nature, men had all the rights which nature could give them. Locke justifies this by saying that in the State of Nature, the natural condition of mankind was a state of perfect and complete liberty to conduct oneÇ ¯s life as one best sees fit. It was free from the interference of others. In that state of nature, all were equal and independent. This does not mean, however, that it was a state of license. It was one not free to do anything at all one pleases, or even anything that one judges to be in oneÇ ¯s interest. The State of Nature, although a state wherein there was no civil authority or government to punish people for transgressions against laws, was not a state without morality. The State of Nature was pre-political, but it was not pre- moral. Persons are assumed to be equal to one another in such a state, and therefore equally capable of discovering and being bound by the Law of Nature. So, the State of Nature was a Ç ®state of libertyÇ ¯, where persons are free to pursue their own interests and plans, free from interference and, because of the Law of Nature and the restrictions that it imposes upon persons, it is relatively peaceful. Property plays an essential role in LockeÇ ¯s argument for civil government and the contract that establishes it. According to Locke, private property is created when a person mix es his labour with the raw materials of nature. Given the implications of the Law of Nature, there are limits as to how much property one can own: one is not   allowed to take so more from nature than oneself can use, thereby leaving others without enough for themselves, because nature is given to all of mankind for its common subsistence. One cannot take more than his own fair share. Property is the linchpin of LockeÇ ¯s argument for the social contract and civil government because it is the protection of their property, including their property in their own bodies, that men seek when they decide to abandon the State of Nature. John Locke considered property in the State of Nature as insecure because of three conditions; they are:- 1. Absence of established law; 2. Absence of impartial Judge; and 3. Absence of natural power to execute natural laws. Thus, man in the State of Nature felt need to protect their property and for the purpose of protection of their property, men entered into the Ç ²Social ContractÇ ³. Under the contract, man did not surrender all their rights to one single individual, but they surrendered only the right to preserve / maintain order and enforce the law of nature. The individual retained with them the other rights, i.e., right to life, liberty and estate because these rights were considered natural and inalienable rights of men.   Having created a political society and government through their consent, men then gained three things which they lacked in the State of Nature: laws, judges to adjudicate laws, and the executive power necessary to enforce these laws. Each man therefore gives over the power to protect himself and punish transgressors of the Law of Nature to the government that he has created through the compact. According to Locke, the purpose of the Government and law is to uphold and protect the natural rights of men. So long as the Government fulfils this purpose, the laws given by it are valid and binding but, when it ceases to fulfil it, then the laws would have no validity and the Government can be thrown out of power. In Lockes view, unlimited sovereignty is contrary to natural law. Hence, John Locke advocated the principle of -Ç ²a state of liberty; not of licenseÇ ³. Locke advocated a state for the general good of people. He pleaded for a constitutionally limited government.   Locke, in fact made life, liberty and property, his three cardinal rights, which greatly dominated and influenced the Declaration of American Independence, 1776. Analysis of the theory of Social Contract by Jean Jacques Rousseau Jean Jacques Rousseau was a French philosopher who gave a new interpretation to the theory of Social Contract in his work The Social Contract and Emile. According to him, social contract is not a historical fact but a hypothetical construction of reason. Prior to the Social Contract, the life in the State of Nature was happy and there was equality among men. As time passed, however, humanity faced certain changes. As the overall population increased, the means by which people could satisfy their needs had to change. People slowly began to live together in small families, and then in small communities. Divisions of labour were introduced, both within and between families, and discoveries and inventions made life easier, giving rise to leisure time. Such leisure time inevitably led people to make comparisons between themselves and others, resulting in public values, leading to shame and envy, pride and contempt. Most importantly however, according to Rousseau, was the invention of private property, which constituted the pivotal moment in humanityÇ ¯s evolution out of a simple, pure state into one, characterized by greed, competition, vanity, inequality, and vice. For Rousseau the invention of property constitutes humanityÇ ¯s Ç ®fall from graceÇ ¯ out of the State of Nature. For this purpose, they surrendered their rights not to a sing le individual but to the community as a whole which Rousseau termed as Ç ®general willÇ ¯. According to Rousseau, the original Ç ®freedom, happiness, equality and libertyÇ ¯ which existed in primitive societies prior to the social contract was lost in the modern civilisation. Through Social Contract, a new form of social organisation- the state was formed to assure and guarantee rights, liberties freedom and equality. The essence of the RousseauÇ ¯s theory of General Will is that State and Law were the product of General Will of the people. State and the Laws are made by it and if the government and laws do not conform to Ç ®general willÇ ¯, they would be discarded. While the individual parts with his natural rights, in return he gets civil liberties such as freedom of speech, equality, assembly, etc. The Ç ²General WillÇ ³, therefore, for all purposes, was the will of majority citizens to which blind obedience was to be given. The majority was accepted on the belief that majority view is right than minority view. Each individual is not subject to any other individu al but to the Ç ®general willÇ ¯ and to obey this is to obey himself. His sovereignty is infallible, indivisible, unrepresentable and illimitable. Thus, Rousseau favoured peoples sovereignty. His natural law theory is confined to the freedom and liberty of the individual. For him, State, law, sovereignty, general will, etc. are interchangeable terms. RousseauÇ ¯s theory inspired French and American revolutions and given impetus to nationalism. He based his theory of social contract on the principle of Ç ²Man is born free, but everywhere he is in chainsÇ ³. COMPARISION OF THE THEORY OF SOCIAL CONTRACT OF THOMAS HOBBES, JOHN LOCKE AND JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU 1. Hobbes asserts that without subjection to a common power of their rights and freedoms, men are necessarily at war. Locke and Rousseau, on the contrary, set forth the view that the state exists to preserve and protect the natural rights of its citizens. When governments fail in that task, citizens have the right and sometimes the duty to withdraw their support and even to rebel. 2. Hobbes view was that whatever the state does is just. All of society is a direct creation of the state, and a reflection of the will of the ruler. According to Locke, the only important role of the state is to ensure that justice is seen to be done. While Rousseau view is that the State must in all circumstance ensure freedom and liberty of individuals. 3. Hobbes theory of Social Contract supports absolute sovereign without giving any value to individuals, while Locke and Rousseau supports individual than the state or the government. 4. To Hobbes, the sovereign and the government are identical but Rousseau makes a distinction between the two. He rules out a representative form of government. But, Locke does not make any such distinction. Page 7 of 7 5. RousseauÇ ¯s view of sovereignty was a compromise between the constitutionalism of Locke and absolutism of Hobbes. CRITICAL APPREHENTION 1. Rousseau propounded that state, law and the government are interchangeable, but this in present senerio is different. Even though government can be overthrown but not the state. A state exists even there is no government. 2. Hobbes concept of absolutism is totally a vague concept in present scenario. Democracy is the need and examples may be taken from Burma and other nations. 3. According to Hobbes, the sovereign should have absolute authority. This is against the rule of law because absolute power in one authority brings arbitrariness. 4. Locke concept of State of nature is vague as any conflict with regard to property always leads to havoc in any society. Hence, there cannot be a society in peace if they have been conflict with regard to property. 5. Locke concept of laissez-faire is not of welfare oriented. Now in present scenario, every state undertake steps to form a welfare state.

Events that Led to the Civil War Essay -- American History Papers

Events that Led to the Civil War There were several issues that contributed to the split between the northern and southern states. Among these were the deep social, economic and political differences. The split could be traced as far back as the early 1800’s, just as the industrial revolution was beginning. It’s effects on the north and the south caused the economic split. As the north was becoming more industrialized; the south began to rely heavily on slave labor. This was one of the main reasons, as the southern view on slavery differed greatly from the North. These views were based on drastically different interpretations of the constitution. In the north, machines, interchangeable parts, and mass production were fast becoming a way of life. Northerners began building factories for mass production. These first factories were used for making textiles and later evolved to manufacturing a wide variety of goods. This created several opportunities for jobs. And with immigrants flooding in from Europe, finding employment was no problem. The factory system was efficient and inexpensive for the north to employ a large work force. In the south, cotton was becoming a huge success for the southern farmer. Cotton, being a very laborious crop, required the ownership of many slaves per plantation. Unlike the immigrants of the north, slaves were property. Slaves were also much less of a profit. When a slave became ill he could not simply be replaced, he needed to be cared for, after all, this was the plantation owners property. On the other hand in the north if a worker became to ill to work, there were several immigrants waiting for the job. In 1818, the balance of power in congress was equal... ...was not ratified by the necessary number of states. The existence of slavery was the central element of the conflict of the north and south. Other problems existed that led to this succession but none were as big as the slavery issue. The only way to avoid the war was to abolish slavery, but this was not able to be done because slavery is what kept the south running. When the south seceded it was said by Abraham Lincoln that â€Å" a house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free.† Because slavery formed two opposing societies and slavery could never be abolished, the civil war was inevitable. These were all the reasons why the south seceded from the union, this succession was eminent and there was no plausible way to avoid it. Bibliography: The Civil War by Jack Williams Events that Led to the Civil War Essay -- American History Papers Events that Led to the Civil War There were several issues that contributed to the split between the northern and southern states. Among these were the deep social, economic and political differences. The split could be traced as far back as the early 1800’s, just as the industrial revolution was beginning. It’s effects on the north and the south caused the economic split. As the north was becoming more industrialized; the south began to rely heavily on slave labor. This was one of the main reasons, as the southern view on slavery differed greatly from the North. These views were based on drastically different interpretations of the constitution. In the north, machines, interchangeable parts, and mass production were fast becoming a way of life. Northerners began building factories for mass production. These first factories were used for making textiles and later evolved to manufacturing a wide variety of goods. This created several opportunities for jobs. And with immigrants flooding in from Europe, finding employment was no problem. The factory system was efficient and inexpensive for the north to employ a large work force. In the south, cotton was becoming a huge success for the southern farmer. Cotton, being a very laborious crop, required the ownership of many slaves per plantation. Unlike the immigrants of the north, slaves were property. Slaves were also much less of a profit. When a slave became ill he could not simply be replaced, he needed to be cared for, after all, this was the plantation owners property. On the other hand in the north if a worker became to ill to work, there were several immigrants waiting for the job. In 1818, the balance of power in congress was equal... ...was not ratified by the necessary number of states. The existence of slavery was the central element of the conflict of the north and south. Other problems existed that led to this succession but none were as big as the slavery issue. The only way to avoid the war was to abolish slavery, but this was not able to be done because slavery is what kept the south running. When the south seceded it was said by Abraham Lincoln that â€Å" a house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free.† Because slavery formed two opposing societies and slavery could never be abolished, the civil war was inevitable. These were all the reasons why the south seceded from the union, this succession was eminent and there was no plausible way to avoid it. Bibliography: The Civil War by Jack Williams

Rationale †Antigone Essay

For our scripted piece we used a scene from Antigone. Originally written by Greek author, Sophocles about 2500 years ago, it was re-written by a French author called Jean Anouilh around the time of WWII. Anouilh’s intensions differed from that of Sophocles due to the difference in time periods; in the later version, Antigone represents the French resistance against the Nazi occupation. As it was written during WWII it took a long time for the Nazis to allow it to go onstage because of what Antigone represented. The reason they let it be performed was down to the character Creon, the king of Thebes. In the scene between him and Antigone, the Nazis thought the dialogue represented a point of view that was for a dictatorial society. Antigone tells the story of a girl, whose brothers fought over the throne, both brothers met their end, introducing a theme of death due to rivalry and jealousy. Eteocles, the brother who had the throne at the time, was given a proper burial, whereas Polynices, who was seen as the enemy, was left outside and refused a burial. Everyone in the city of Thebes was told by the new king, Creon, that anyone who attempted to bury Polynices would be put to death, creating the theme of loyalty. Antigone is adamant that Polynices should be given a burial and takes matters into her own hands, she sneaks out of the palace in the middle of the night and covers Polynices’ body over with dirt. Polynices is then uncovered by the Guard. Antigone finds out and again, attempts to cover over Polynices. This time she is discovered by the Guard and is taken to Creon. As Antigone is the former king’s daughter, Creon is hesitant when punishing her, and offers a way out. But Antigone is not ashamed of what she has done and is determined to be punished for her crime. At the end of the play Antigone is put in cave by the Guard and left there to die. We chose this play as it contains many themes, such as love, pride, anger, and loyalty. Also I liked the history behind the play, the story that wasn’t included within the script. The life of Oedipus, Antigone’s father, the prophecy that he heard and how he married his mother and as a result had four children. I liked it because it was unusual, complex and difficult to fully understand. One moral I think Antigone portrays quite well is that you should always stand up for what you believe in and what you think is right. It shows this through Antigone’s character and the fact that she is so headstrong and certain of what she wants. Also an issue that is portrayed throughout the play is that love is a very strong emotion and can overcome many situations, this is shown by the relationships between Antigone and her sister Ismeme, Antigone and her nurse and Antigone and her fiance Haemon. My chosen scene included Antigone and Nurse, who was trying to find out where Antigone had been in the night. It was the opening scene of the play and was very powerful as it introduced the character of Antigone and the relationship she has with Nurse. I played Nurse and my partner, Frances, played Antigone. I chose to play Nurse because she tries many different ways to get Antigone to tell her where she has been. She tries to make Antigone feel guilty, by saying â€Å"You half kill yourself to bring them up, and they’re all the same. † She also gets angry with Antigone, this is evident when she says â€Å"do you know what I ought to do? I ought to give you a good spanking, just like when you were a little girl. † Another tactic she employs is that of trying to make Antigone feel sympathetic towards her by saying â€Å"What would your mother say if she were here now? You silly old fool, she’d say. So you couldn’t keep my little girl virtuous for me? † I knew that these tactics would enable me to change the tone of my voice throughout the performance and use a variety of space. By playing Nurse I intended to portray the relationship that Antigone and Nurse possessed. I also wanted to improve on my interaction as an actor and by playing this part it enabled me to build on what I was already capable of. When I first read the scene I imagined the two characters in a grand bedroom that had a very old fashioned interior, such as what one would expect to see in a stately home. A room that was quite cluttered with elaborate ornaments and decorative pieces. Obviously this would be hard to create on a small stage and also it would restrict the amount of space that was available for moving in. Devised-Behind the Face Our devised piece was based on many themes taken from Antigone, such as loyalty, cruelty and pride but the main theme was anger. I chose to base it upon anger because there are many different ways to portray it and there are lots of different ways of dealing with it. This gave me a wide range of options to choose from when devising the piece. I researched anger and it’s causes and came up with many different results, for instance: There are three different types of anger: Rage – Rage is the expression of violent, uncontrolled anger. Rage is an outward expression of anger and can result in a visible, often destructive, explosion. Resentment – Resentment is the feeling of anger directed towards a person or object which is suppressed and kept inside. It is a feeling which smoulders and feels uncomfortable, and can possibly create more physiological and psychological damage. Indignation – Indignation is regarded as an appropriate, controlled, positive type of anger. When writing my devised piece I wanted to put across that you should let out your anger and stand up for what you think is right so I decided on a story line that contained a young girl (Harriett) who knew what she wanted but was too scared to stand up for herself. This resulted in her becoming angry internally, but she was unable to let go of her anger and express herself. So I created another character that only she could hear. This character was the internal anger that Harriett was feeling, and tried to make her see that she had to let go of her anger and stand up for herself rather than being pushed around by everyone else because she was an easy target. I chose to play an emotion instead of a person because I wanted to portray the differences between each aspect of the emotion. I wanted to create three sections on the stage so we weren’t just using a small part of it, however still allowing for use of most of the space available. I also wanted to create a strange atmosphere, one that makes the audience feel uncomfortable, so they could relate to Harriett’s feelings. I wanted the tempo to vary too, as I wanted Harriett’s character to be quiet and subdued, and the character that played her anger to be loud, intimidating and patronising. I also wanted the rhythms to alternate to make the piece more interesting for the audience.

Parole and Truth in Sentencing Essay

To understand parole one needs to know what parole is and what it means. Parole is the status and early release of a convicted offender who has been conditionally releases from prison by a paroling authority before his or her sentence is expired. Parole and Probation have similar conditions. While an offender is on parole they have certain rules they need to follow. There is another form of parole which is Federal parole. Federal parole was determined by the Parole Board under the United Stated Parole Commission. Federal parole was changed after the Sentencing Reform Act. The Sentencing Reform Act was a part of the U. S. Federal statute that was intended to increase the consistency in the United States federal sentencing; this abolished federal parole all together. Parole was introduced by Brockway Zebulon in 1876 as a way to reduce jail overcrowding and as a way to rehabilitate offenders by encouraging them to win back their freedom with good behaviors. The role of parole was to reduce prison terms based on good behavior. Another role of probation was to supervise the convicted after being granted parole and grant freedom to those who had uncertain sentences. The reduction of jail terms after good and responsible behavior use to reduce indeterminate sentences. â€Å"There are 25 percent of inmates who are freed from prison are still paroled by the paroling authority, such as a parole board† (Schmalleger, F). Some conditions that affect parole would be the specific terms needed to be followed by the parolees. A parolee must check in with his parole officer within 24 hours after his release, they may be required to live in a certain area or with a certain person, and they may be required to stay away from certain people. If any of these stipulations are broken the parolee will go back to prison to serve out the remainder of their time of incarceration. This is also known as revocation of probation. Revocation of probation is an administrative action of a paroling authority removing a person from parole status. Once an offender is back in prison he has to serve out the remainder of his time and also anytime he may get from any other crimes he may have committed. Some typical conditions that affect whether a person gets parole are the nature of their crime, prior criminal record, and most importantly the amount of time already served. The goals of truth in sentencing are to improve the delivery of proportionate punishment and promote stability and predictability in offenders. â€Å"The abandonment of the rehabilitation goal, combined with a return to determine sentencing in many jurisdictions including the federal judicial system has reduces the amount of time an average corrections client spends on supervised parole†(Schmalleger,F pg. 424). In 1981 there was a revision that ensured that the credits to good behavior would exceed the length of the jail term: The more number of years one was to serve in prison the more the number of months they were likely to get. The credits were as follows five days per month on sentences between six months and one year, six days per month on sentences between 1 years and three years, and eight days per month on jail term between 5 years and 10 years. Convicts that were sentenced to life in jail were to be released on the basis of parole once they served 15 years in prison. There were other amendments that were done in the year 1930 and years after which have overseen the current parole regime that we have today. The probation and parole system is very intricate and is changed greatly overtime. Parole and probation are used all over the country and varies from state to state: even the truth in sentencing laws differ state to state. There are more parolees on parole than there has ever been all across the country and that number will only rise. As overcrowding continues to go on in prison, offenders will be released I feel like before they should be. Prison is meant to rehabilitate and to make the criminal think twice before committing a crime or giving him the skills he need to conduct a legal life style. Probation and Parole are 2 things that are an important part of the criminal justice systems.

Health and Social Care Communication Essay Example

Health and Social Care Communication Essay Example Health and Social Care Communication Essay Health and Social Care Communication Essay The communicating rhythm was discovered by Argyle in 1972. The rhythm consists of six countries. all of these six countries are of import during communicating. if any of these countries of the rhythm are disrupted so the receiving system would non understand or may construe the message wrongly. The first phase to this rhythm is to hold a starting thought or the codification of the message ; in this phase the head processes on how the sentence is traveling to be told. such as the tone of the voice and besides what words will necessitate to be used so that the receiving system will construe the message right. The ideas will be put into the linguistic communication or into some other codification such as gestural linguistic communication. The 2nd phase of how to state what you want to state to do certain the receiving system understands what you are stating and interprets it how you are intending them to. This means what non-verbal linguistic communication you are traveling to utilize as you are speaking so they understand what you mean. besides the tone. The tone is the key to how the receiving system is traveling to construe your message. The 3rd phase to the communicating rhythm is to state it or to direct the message. during this phase you will talk or subscribe or pass on in some manner every bit long as the message is sent. During this phase the environment around you is the cardinal to doing certain the receiving system can understand the words that you are stating. For illustration if you are in a loud room. and you are seeking to pass on with another individual the receiving system is more than probably traveling to acquire the message you have sent. incorrect because the receiving system might non be able to hear all of the words that are said. This means that they will hold to presume what words were said to do the sentence make sense. The 4th phase is message received. the receiving system here hears or sees the words that you have said. and they have heard you decently and non missed any words out because if they have so this is where the communicating goes incorrect. The 5th phase is message decoded the receiving system now has to construe your message. e. g. what you have said. This is non ever every bit easy as it seems as the other individual will do some premises about your organic structure linguistic communication and the words that you have used. The concluding phase of the communicating rhythm is message understood. the concluding phase is the receiving system has to understand what your message is through all the right non-verbal linguistic communication. and verbal response. if all goes good the rhythm is finished. Tuckman made a theory about group treatments in 1965. Tuckman suggested that about all groups go through a procedure affecting four phases when they foremost meet. The phases are called forming. ramping. norming and acting. All these phases make the group become stronger and do certain that they are in the right group. Forming is the first phase of the theory. so when a group gets together. they introduce themselves to the group. Most people have their best faces on and are polite ; people do this because of first feelings. First feelings are of import to people in the group because the feeling a individual sets is what other people expect from that individual all of the clip. Ramping is happening out about each other. happen out more about each other what people involvement and strengths is. this is besides the phase where people encephalon storm. But this is the phase where most people drop out because they find out that this is non the correct group for them. Norming is where the trust begins. this is the phase where squad members support others and listen to other squad member’s sentiment. Everyone seems to acquire a sense of belonging and the group is now recognised and identified as a group. The concluding phase acting is where group members can trust on others on assisting them if they are needed. where trueness is high now. Peoples can travel in bomber groups to acquire the work done faster. Tuckman so added a 5th phase ( Adjourning ) in the 1970s to cover the end-game in his account of how groups develop. Adjourning was added to stop the group when the group coatings and offprints as finally all groups will divide. when groups separate they might hold a party. or they might do programs to what they want to make next in life. Tuckman said after finishing his theory: Groups ab initio concern themselves with orientation accomplished chiefly through proving. Such proving serves to place the boundaries of both interpersonal and undertaking behaviors. Coincident with proving in the interpersonal kingdom is the constitution of dependence relationships with leaders. other group members. or preexistent criterions. It may be said that orientation. proving and dependance constitute the group procedure of organizing. ( Wolfwise. 2012 ) It is of import to hold effectual communicating in the work of wellness and societal attention because if there isn’t effectual communicating between physician and patient so the patient will acquire baffled and overwhelmed. They will merely desire to walk out. It is of import that physicians or nurses do non utilize slang whilst speaking to a patient as this will impact communicating dramatically. If the physician negotiations in slang to a patient in the rhythm they will merely acquire to present four because the patients won’t be able to decrypt what the physician has merely said this means that this communicating is uneffective and this will hold affected the patient. But if the physician used linguistic communication she understood so the patient would understand and would finish the conversation. There are tonss of different types of ways to pass on in a wellness and societal attention environment there is: one to one. group. formal. informal. verbal. and written and loads more. All of these ways of communication is great for wellness and societal attention all depending on how you use them all. If you use all these but you use them ill so this is hapless communicating but if you use them all good so this is evidently good communicating. ( Developing effectual communicating in Health and Social Care. June 2011 ) Developing effectual communicating in Health and Social Care.

History of the Integrated Circuit (Microchip)

History of the Integrated Circuit (Microchip) It seems that the integrated circuit was destined to be invented. Two separate inventors, unaware of each others activities, invented almost identical integrated circuits or ICs at nearly the same time. Jack Kilby, an engineer with a background in ceramic-based silk screen circuit boards and transistor-based hearing aids, started working for  Texas Instruments  in 1958. A year earlier, research engineer  Robert Noyce  had co-founded the Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation. From 1958 to 1959, both electrical engineers were working on an answer to the same dilemma: how to make more of less. What we didnt realize then was that the integrated circuit would reduce the cost of electronic functions by a factor of a million to one, nothing had ever done that for anything before - Jack Kilby Why the Integrated Circuit Was Needed In designing a complex electronic machine like a computer it was always necessary to increase the number of components involved in order to make technical advances. The monolithic (formed from a single crystal) integrated circuit placed the previously separated transistors, resistors, capacitors and all the connecting wiring onto a single crystal (or chip) made of semiconductor material. Kilby used germanium and Noyce used silicon for the semiconductor material. Patents for the Integrated Circuit In 1959 both parties applied for patents. Jack Kilby and Texas Instruments received U.S. patent #3,138,743 for miniaturized electronic circuits. Robert Noyce and the Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation received U.S. patent #2,981,877 for a silicon-based integrated circuit. The two companies wisely decided to cross-license their technologies after several years of legal battles, creating a global market now worth about $1 trillion a year. Commercial Release In 1961 the first commercially available integrated circuits came from the Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation. All computers then started to be made using chips instead of the individual transistors and their accompanying parts. Texas Instruments first used the chips in Air Force computers and the Minuteman Missile in 1962. They later used the chips to produce the first electronic portable calculators. The original IC had only one transistor, three resistors, and one capacitor and was the size of an adults pinkie finger. Today an IC smaller than a penny can hold 125 million transistors. Jack Kilby holds patents on over sixty inventions and is also well known as the inventor of the portable calculator (1967). In 1970 he was awarded the National Medal of Science. Robert Noyce, with sixteen patents to his name, founded Intel, the company responsible for the invention of the microprocessor, in 1968. But for both men, the invention of the integrated circuit stands historically as one of the most important innovations of mankind. Almost all modern products use chip technology.

Reaction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reaction - Essay Example According to Dr. Audrey Young, the type of training and experiences that are taught in medical school skip basic elements that facilitate communication and understandability of the patients. The book bases its initial principles on the fact that medicine originates from the patient. The ability for a doctor to listen to the feelings and perceptions of the [patient is a step towards the healing and recovery process. However, medical school has taught doctors to have a minimum interaction with the patient. Particular emphasis is laid on disease diagnosis through research and treatment as opposed to the soothing and communicative nature doctors must possess in order to reassure their patients of a quick recovery of the various types of diseases that they may be experiencing (Young, 2009). Communication and maintain a good rapport with the patients is the foundation of medicine. Great lessons in a career such as what Dr. Audrey Young is pursuing teach the professionals to be humble and sympathetic. It also should teach them to be tolerant and brave since there are many instances that will require them to have a lion’s heart in order to deal with them. According to my evaluation of the experiences that Young passed through during her years in Medial school, I view medicine to be a calling rather than a profession (Young, 2009). It requires a great initiative by the individual to acquire knowledge about the facts of the course and knowledge on how to blend into different cultures and people’s lifestyles in pursuit to give treatment and better health care. It was therefore prudent for the curriculum of the institution to expose the students to different environments with people of various beliefs, ailments and origins. Dr. Young worked from the regions of Seattle in the United States of America, Swaziland, Pocatello and Idaho. She encountered patients with

Smart Cities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Smart Cities - Essay Example The smart city idea is, thus, borne out of this. The smart city, present and future, promises economic growth, as well as, competitiveness presented in highly educated talent, seamless electronic connections and high-tech industries. Other terms used for the same include â€Å"cyber Ville†, â€Å"electronic communities†, and â€Å"intelligent cities† among others (EmbeddedComputingDesign). Singh identified eight macro-economic aspects which define a smart city namely: smart energy, smart building, smart governance, mobility, smart infrastructure, smart technology, healthcare and a smart citizen (Singh). Close to this is another definition of a city as being smart when investments in social and human capital and transport and ICT (modern) communication infrastructure catalyze reliable economic development, high quality of life, alongside a wise management of natural resources with participatory action and engagement (Deakin 65-83). The universality in definitions is achieved in the convention of micro and macroeconomic factors. The shift in paradigm to smart cities stems from socio-economic factors such as, economic restructuring, climate change, pressures on the public finances, ageing populations, as well as, entertainment, and online retail. Thus, creating and sustaining conditions suitable for learning and innovation is an important prerequisite in the existence of smart cities. In the same vein, for European countries to achieve Europe’s 2020 goals of climate change, innovation, employment, employment, energy, and poverty reduction, progress in the smart city would be welcome (Singh). To any interested party, certain questions stand out. For example, how much urban investment will be responsible to achieve in the future? What are the factors to consider? What are their sustainability or future plans? How smart is smart for the

Summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 13

Summary - Assignment Example In the late medieval period, they were believed to have adopted a hunter-gatherer mode of life. It is an important revelation, for everywhere else in the world agriculture and urbanization has already become entrenched. Bison was a great stock prey during the time as the ecology of the Great Plains suited it well. In many of the cave paintings from this period, we can see how bison was an emblematic animal for the entire community. It is important to remember that, despite common features, native American culture is not one monolithic system. The breadth and width of the continent’s landscape, with its varied climates, geographies and ecologies, made adapting to local conditions an imperative. As a result, we see different set of customs and norms being practiced in the Great Basin, Pacific Coast or Eastern Woodlands. Likewise, in contrast to the widespread adoption of hunter-gatherer lifestyle, native Indian cultures of South-western and Woodland Burial Mound regions practiced agriculture. The social organization of these regions was also different, in that they were chiefdoms, with a definite hierarchy among its members. Just as Spanish Conquistadors started trickling into the continent in the late 15th century, the meso-American culture became predominant. This unique culture retained many key traits of the community’s traditions while also including new elements that they were introduced to. It is an unfortunate fact of history that despite the amicable and warm welcome of the conquistadors by native Americans, the former did not reciprocate the hospitality. After having acquainted themselves with the exotic culture of the natives, the conquistadors systematically proceeded to dominate the defenceless natives. Those who had the courage to resist domination and exploitation were ruthlessly rounded up and executed. As a

Summary Of Leadership Style Toshiba Commerce Essay

Summary Of Leadership Style Toshiba Commerce Essay My leadership style is participative style according by survey. In my view my participative leadership style is appropriate for my work place. Participative leadership style helps all team members to participate in decision-making. This helps us to get proper solution for the problem and also encourage team member to share their ideas, opinion and thoughts which help in progress of organization. It will help to motivate team members and engaged them in process of organization. This style helps me work co-operatively with my subordinates. My current leadership style works out to be Participative or democratic. I have completed two surveys online (completed surveys attached with this plan), and based on the results I got from the surveys I can say that my current leadership style works out to be Participative. According to me participative style is good for work place but sometime it make me weaker, when new member come in work and they are not more experienced and skilled. But at that time I have to give more time to develop their skill by giving guidance. For that I have to communicate and provide more guidance to that member at work place. I have completed one surveys online (completed surveys attached with this plan), and based on the results I got from the surveys I can say that my current leadership style works out to be Participative. My current strengths based on the surveys are situational management, delegation of authority and collaborative effort but The main areas I need to improve communication and pressure handling. Participative leadership style is the leadership style where a leader gives subordinates the opportunity to fully participate in decision making process. It is used by various influential leaders throughout the globe, making it one of the most widely used leadership style. Participative style is a very useful tool to promote employee satisfaction and employee morale. Leadership theories Leadership theories can be described as different ways to leadership and how leaders are created and how different types of leaders lead leader are by born or they are made .There are many different theories of leadership proposals, but I chose the most quoted of all three. We will explain in detail a bit Transformation leaders Business leaders to create a high-performance workforce is becoming increasingly important, and to do so beyond the job requirements and encourage the kind of organization should be able to. Injury strain the new concept of leadership Leadership As a result, being one of them. Teams, departments, divisions, and the entire organization: variant leadership can be found at all levels of the organization. These leaders the vision, inspiration, daring, risk the same, and thoughtful thinkers. They are equipped with a charismatic charm, Charisma alone is not enough to change the way the organization operating. For major changes, transformation leaders should exhibit the following four elements: Inspirational Motivation:  The foundation of transformational leadership is the promotion of consistent vision, mission, and a set of values to the members. Their vision is so compelling that they know what they want from every interaction. Transformational leaders guide followers by providing them with a sense of meaning and challenge. They work enthusiastically and optimistically to foster the spirit of teamwork and commitment. Idealized Influence:  They believe in the philosophy that a leader can influence followers only when he practices what he preaches. The leaders act as role models that followers seek to emulate. Such leaders always win the trust and respect of their followers through their action. They typically place their followers needs over their own, sacrifice their personal gains for them, ad demonstrate high standards of ethical conduct. The use of power by such leaders is aimed at influencing them to strive for the common goals of the organization. Individualized Consideration:  Leaders act as mentors to their followers and reward them for creativity and innovation. The followers are treated differently according to their talents and knowledge. They are empowered to make decisions and are always provided with the needed support to implement their decisions. Situational leadership theory The situational leadership theory developed by Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard. The model shows that the management of employees skills and work readiness of the individual employee and no one needs leadership style better to adjust. It is the model of situational leadership theory; managers can adjust their direction according to the needs of employees and implementation of effective leadership based on the situational context of Basa. The heart of the model leaders should review their followers to support the trailer on the basis of needs and opportunities. In this way, developing their skills of their followers, and of course, is more qualified, mature and independent. Participative Theories Participative leadership theories suggest that the ideal leadership style is one that takes the input of others into account. These leaders encourage participation and contributions from group members and help group members feel more relevant and committed to the decision-making process. In participative theories, however, the leader retains the right to allow the input of others. Role model Mahatma Gandhi https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgru0nhdzK0VsGZqdlEf86kLMdp0SwH7DcQboEz_tnxmFrP6-Kw9_ejH-jHnUS14wsv40xAGxzfvrxjxtnNdNqXjHQ668Zy7zQHkHzTkgkomqbPPcV2ARvhZwxEFnlv5dDQJPa-28vBSr3A/+gandhi+image.jpg+%252814%2529.jpg Mahatma Gandhi is generally considered one of the most influential world leader from humble beginning he gained world prominence helped achieve independent for India and left a lasting legacy for us all. many of Gandhis core principles are remarkably relevant. This is especially true of Gandhi thoughts and practice in the realm of leadership competencies and self development. He famous quote live as if you were to die tomorrow learn as if you were to live forever His thinking was Non violence is the greatest force at the disposal of mankind According to Mahatma Gandhi was democratic leadership style . His leadership was over a whole country. A country of over 30 crore people.   It started in 1915 when he returned from South Africa where he was an advocate. In South Africa, he became acutely aware   of the inequalities and ignominies trusted upon Indians and blacks by the White men. He was not a leader who did not listen to his subordinates. He had emphatically said that India could not be divided and if it had to be done, it would be over his dead body. But, when the rest of the leadership   put forward the theory of partition being the only solution to the imbroglio of Hindu-Muslim divide, he thought over it thoroughly and saw the inevitability of it and gave his nod. More than than anything else, he was a leader without a thought for himself. He could have become anything he wanted in the government. It says something for him that no one even suggested that he become the prime minister or the president. He would have laughed his head off! He was not even present during the change of guard ceremony on   the night of August 15, 1947. He was with the poor victims of caste violence in Calcutta! He was, after all, one of the people, not a leader! Vision :- Gandhis vision was for and independent India made up of peaceful and self sufficient villages. Gandhi encouraged inclusion of the untouchable class. He encouraged people to return to traditional Indian lifestyles and to create their own goods withing their villages. Mission:-   Let me read you his personal mission statement: Let the first act of every morning be to make the following resolve for the day: I shall not fear anyone on Earth. I shall fear only God. I shall not bear ill will toward anyone. I shall not submit to injustice form anyone. I shall conquer untruth by truth and in resisting untruth, I shall put up with all suffering. but this is his personal mission statement but his mission was freedom of India from British empires. Bhagat singh http://www.hindustantimes.com/Images/2011/6/10dec771-9cd8-448f-b7d0-4245f4389708HiRes.JPG On the other side we will talk about Bhagat singh ji. He was one of the freedom fighter of India same like Mahatma Gandhi but his way get freedom was different from other . Bhagat Singh believed that the rich would only get richer and the poor would only get poorer in the case if India did not adopt the socialistic approach. Bhagat Singh became the first socialist leader of the country.but he always take deision his own so He was autocratic leader. The British authority, while interrogating them, came to know about their involvement in the murder of J. P. Saunders. Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, and Sukhdev were charged with the murder. Singh admitted to the murder and made statements against the British rule during the trial.   While in jail, Bhagat Singh found that the authorities were following a dual policy in treating the prisoners. The criminals of foreign origin were treated better than Indian political prisoners. As a protest, he along with some fellow prisoners declared to go on hunger strike. The strike continued for over a month and finally the British had to accept before their conditions.So this behaviour shows that is autocratic leader he didnt ask anyone in jail what he is going to do. Bhagat Singh along with other revolutionaries found responsible for the Assembly bombing and murder of Saunders. On March 23, 1931, Bhagat Singh was hanged in Lahore with his fellow comrades Rajguru and Sukhdev. Singh was cremated at Hussainiwala on banks of Sutlej river. In terms of leadership styles,  Bhagat Singhs was a more entrepreneurial , go-it-alone style. leadership by example, self-sacrifice, with a pro-active plan. Gandhis was more persuasion and extracting the lowest common denominator across different segments of the masses. in general, if one had to choose, one might prefer the Gandhi method of taking people along on your decisions. only thing then is that the plan better be a good one. if any problem was in Gandhis plan was that a carefully slow one. not sure also that it wasnt just a series of adhoc reactions to various events along the way. Gandhi makes people his power but on other side Bhagat singh who take his decision on his own. Evaluation of two leaders with my leadership style and values Quality Mahatma Gandhi Bhagat singh Rajbir Singh Personal values kindness Determination Discipline Simplicity ambition competency integrity service responsibility hard worker Teamwork Loyalty Satisfying others Improvement Personal Beliefs Truth   Nonviolence   Vegetarianism   Brahmacharya   Simplicity   Faith   work in team violence for freedom open mind Revolution freedom fighter Every work should be Done in a perfect way 2. A teamwork is always Helpful to achieve a Goal 3. First deserve than desire 4. Always believe in yourself And dont expect much from Others 5. Life is small be happy and make Other happy. Personal Attitudes 1.Political minded 2.Helping others 3.Devotional 4.Visionry 5.Kindness NON Political minded Beauty lover Aggressive Helpfulness Interested 1.Aggresive 2.Fun loving 3.Logical 4 Political minded 5.Enthusiastic Personal Traits l. Helpful 2.kind 3.devotional 1.visionary 2.Innovative 3. Fun loving 1.logical 2.Rightness 3.Helpful Benchmarking Criteria Benchmarking Tools Leadership is a measureless scope that has no boundaries none can actually describe its area, method, traits, or other specifications. Benchmarking tools is very useful when people want to know where they stand but benchmarking tool is basically comparison with you and other leader or people characteristics. Communication:-communication is the exchange and flow of information and ideas from one person to another.  . Many of the problems can be occur in an organization are the either the direct result of people failing to communicate and/or processes, which leads to confusion and can cause good plans to fail. Dedication:-   dedication means spending whatever time or energy is necessary to accomplish the task at hand. A leader inspires dedication by example, doing whatever it takes to complete the next step toward the vision. Openness:- openness means being able to listen to new ideas, even if they do not conform to the usual way of thinking. Good leaders are able to suspend judgment while listening to others ideas, as well as accept new ways of doing things that someone else thought of it.open to talk with their followers. Decision making:-Good leader also need to have ability to make a good decision making. Decision making is vital tools of benchmarking. Confidence:-confidence means you have to believe in yourself and i can do this sprit I know it sounds unoriginal, but confidence makes the leader. If you dont your charges will begin to question whether or not you know what you are talking about. Patience:- If you explain a task or situation to your staff and they dont understand, then clarify it for them. Its not their fault that they dont understand your instructions can be wrong. Good leader need to have patience to get results.   Loyalty:- This is something that you expect of your leader. It is also something that your leader expect from you. loyalty is the part of happiness. Loyalty makes good relations with leader and follow Responsibility:- some leaders are more responsible than other .  Leaders are willing to bear the ultimate responsibility for  their undertakings. They dont point the finger of blame when things go twisted. Benchmarking I have created a table below which shows how I rate myself against the benchmarking criteria listed above. For excellence, the rate is 5 For good, the rate is 4 For average, the rate is 3 For below average, the rate is 2 For poor, the rate is 1 For poor, the rate is 1 S. No Benchmarking Criteria Rating 1. Communication 4 2. Dedication 5 3. Openness 4 4. Decision making 3 5. Confidence 4 6. Patience 4 7. Loyalty 2 8. Responsibility 4 Rationale for Benchmarking For communication I rated myself 4 because communication is always two way process between two living things. At my workplace without communication u cant work in field. My co-workers at my work place also try to be like me. I always focus on my job first other than doing something else. In dedication I rate myself 5 because if i am loyal to someone or something, such as a job. To work hard towards a goal with little thought to other matters, example like : He was so dedicated to his job that he never had any free time. openness is very good quality of leaders. I am very open to talk with everyone at my workplace fun loving man. Anyone can talk with me at any time about anything. At my work place sometime I have to take decision on my own basis without any interruption from others. sometime its hard to take decision sometime easy. like i am working for watercare and i have to turn off water of key account most of the time we try to avoid to turn off the water of key account let me ex plain you little bit what is key account like storage of fuel place like one at end of viaduct harbour. If i have turn off water i will make my call by myself , I have to sort out that problem on the spot. So it is improving my decision making ability. Also when my boss tells me about new job or how to tackle with different situations I listen to them very carefully to avoid problem in future, which shows I have good listening skills and its my responsible level at workplace. Reflection leader are made or leader born this question always in debate. But according me can be made or they are by born. Time has ability to change everything .my leadership style is participative leadership style i like to work in teams. where every one working together on common goal. Sometime I behave as a leader in my house sometime at my working place and sometime at my collage. I used to compare myself with my supervisor and always notice their work that how he complete his work. And after analysing all this I feel I need to learn a lot in terms of leadership. Sometimes I feel great when I performed my duties like by boss. I day in my life i will be become a good leader. To achieve this I am doing lots of study on great leaders in the world that will help in future . Personal Development Plan Opportunities (Goals) Short-term Goals To pass out my diploma in business level 5 from (Kiwi Institute of training and Education) Start my other course water reticulation level 4 Get two year work permit. Get permanent resident of NZ. work on myself confidence. Long term goals I want to do plumbing course in Newzealand. Setup my own plumbing business. Buy my own house. World tour. Rationale To pass out my diploma in business level 5:- First thing i need to complete my course soon as possible because my company is offering me a good job that is good for my future. Start my other course water reticulation level 4 :- After this business diploma my company is offering me water reticulation level 4 course that will give me more knowledge about my work. Get two year work permit:- I need apply two year work permit hope so they will give me. Get permanent resident of NZ :-After all this if everything will go right i will apply for P.R . Work on myself confidence:- Sometime i loose myself confidence even know that i can do it. Plumbing course in Newzealand:- In long-term goal i will do plumbing course from M.I.T that will help me in future. Setup my own plumbing business. After i done my plumbing course i would like to set up my own business. Buy my own house. Everyone have dream to buy a their own home same like other i had dream of buy my own home. World tour. I like to go for world tour but this is my long term plan. Strategies I am more practical then theatrical person I like to do things practically rather than theatrically to pass business diploma I am doing hard work in study. To get this Opportunities i did very hardwork in company in hole company there is only two person with this course. For my work permit i already ask my boss he is ready to help me as soon i will finish my this course. Confident level is this kind of goal that I have to improve by myself by picking up hard job but in this method i have to make sure that i will be not get overconfident. In long term goal i want study in plumbing course in NZ previous year I tried to get admission in plumbing but they gave to only permanent resident people so I have to my permanent resident first. My leadership style is participative style working in teams or in group together delegating work to other so in long term plan I will try to open my own plumbing business. I am going to start saving for my world tour i like to go around the world amd meet different people. Time frame Whether you are on course to complete the work in accordance with the agreed  time frame. To accomplish several tasks in a limited frame of time you need to make short term plan of achieving these goals. Have an everyday to -do- list and make sure that the tasks on your list are accomplished daily. You need to sacrifice and also discipline yourself and then you will achieve. My short term goal and short term goal are related to each other if one of them not complete or some problem in it then other one cant complete them I will make a Time Frame on the basis of my leadership skills and knowledge. I will check time to time whether I am achieving the goals , If I am not hitting the goals then i will find out the reason. Measures